sub mksref { my $x = +(@_)[-1]; \$x }

##</code><code>##

sub mkcref (@) {
   my @closed = @_;
   return sub { @closed};
}

sub mkaref (@) {
   return [@_];
}

##</code><code>##

sub mkhref (%) {
    if ( @_%2 ) {
        warn "Odd number of elements in mkhref";
        return { @_, undef };
    }
    else {
        return {@_};
    }
}

##</code><code>##

sub mkhref { {@_} }