use strict;
use warnings;
sub url_segments {
  local($_) = @_;
  my $segments = { url => $_ };
  return unless m{
    \A
    (?: ([a-z]{3,6}) : (?://)? )? # proto
    ( [:a-z0-9@._-]+ )            # domain
    (?:
      ( .*? / )                   # location
      (
        ( [^/]*? )                # filename_only
        ( (?: \. \w*[a-z]\w* )* ) # ext
      )
      (?: ( \? .* ) )?            # query
    )?
    \Z
  }x;
  $segments->{proto} = $1 if $1;
  $segments->{domain} = $2 if $2;
  $segments->{location} = $3 if $3;
  $segments->{filename} = $4 if $4;
  $segments->{filename_only} = $5 if $5;
  $segments->{ext} = $6 if $6;
  $segments->{query} = $7 if $7;
  $segments
}

use YAML;
print Dump( { map { $_ => url_segments $_ } qw(
  http://foo.com/downloads/pkg-5.6.tar.gz
  http://bar.com/list/file-5.6-win32.zip
  example.org/subd/golf.txt
  http://digg.com/page4
  http://digg.com/page4?format=printable
  http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/07/17/beck.che.guevara/index.html
  https://tomwtriker:imzadi@coldmail.net/goethe.3.5.tar
  mailto:tomwtriker@coldmail.net
) } )