# broomduster
    my $h = $a{$state}{$city};
    $h->{'Color'} = $color;

##</code><code>##

    # ikegami
    my $r = \( $a{$state}->{$city} );
    ${ $r }->{Color} = $color;

##</code><code>##

$a{'WI'}{'GreenBay'}{'Color'} = 'Black';

##</code><code>##

# broomduster
$VAR1 = {
          'WI' => {}
        };

##</code><code>##

# ikegami
$VAR1 = {
          'WI' => {
                    'GreenBay' => {
                                    'Color' => 'White'
                                  }
                  }
        };

##</code><code>##

    my $h = $a{$state}{$city} ||= {};
    $h->{'Color'} = $color;