$hash{a}{drinks}=1; $hash{b}{drinks}=2; #### +-------+ +----------+ +-----------+ +-------------+ | %hash | +-->| Anon Ref | +->| Anon hash | +->| Anon scalar | +-------+ | +----------+ | +-----------+ | +-------------+ | a ----+ | addr ----+ | drinks ----+ | 1 | | b -----+ +----------+ +-----------+ +-------------+ +-------+ | | +----------+ +-----------+ +-------------+ +->| Anon Ref | +->| Anon hash | +->| Anon scalar | +----------+ | +-----------+ | +-------------+ | addr ----+ | drinks ----+ | 2 | +----------+ +-----------+ +-------------+ #### >perl -e"$h{a}{d}=1; $h{b}{d}=2; print qq{$_: $h{$_}\n} for keys %h;" a: HASH(0x22534c) b: HASH(0x2253a0) #### +-------+ +----------+ +-----------+ +-------------+ | %hash | +-->| Anon Ref | +----->| Anon hash | +->| Anon scalar | +-------+ | +----------+ | +-----------+ | +-------------+ | a ----+ | addr -----+ | drinks ----+ | 1 | | b -----+ +----------+ | +-----------+ +-------------+ +-------+ | | | +----------+ | +-----------+ +-------------+ +->| Anon Ref | | +-->| Anon hash | +->| Anon scalar | +----------+ | | +-----------+ | +-------------+ | addr --------+ | drinks ----+ | 2 | +----------+ | | +-----------+ +-------------+ | | +-------+ +NEW-------+ | | | %copy | +-->| Anon Ref | | | +-------+ | +----------+ | | | a ----+ | addr -----+ | | b -----+ +----------+ | +-------+ | | | +NEW-------+ | +->| Anon Ref | | +----------+ | | addr --------+ +----------+ #### +-------+ +----------+ +-----------+ +-------------+ | %hash | +-->| Anon Ref | +->| Anon hash | +->| Anon scalar | +-------+ | +----------+ | +-----------+ | +-------------+ | a ----+ | addr ----+ | drinks ----+ | 1 | | b -----+ +----------+ +-----------+ +-------------+ +-------+ | | +----------+ +-----------+ +-------------+ +->| Anon Ref | +->| Anon hash | +->| Anon scalar | +----------+ | +-----------+ | +-------------+ | addr ----+ | drinks ----+ | 2 | +----------+ +-----------+ +-------------+ +-------+ +NEW-------+ +NEW--------+ +NEW----------+ | %copy | +-->| Anon Ref | +->| Anon hash | +->| Anon scalar | +-------+ | +----------+ | +-----------+ | +-------------+ | a ----+ | addr ----+ | drinks ----+ | 1 | | b -----+ +----------+ +-----------+ +-------------+ +-------+ | | +NEW ------+ +NEW--------+ +NEW----------+ +->| Anon Ref | +->| Anon hash | +->| Anon scalar | +----------+ | +-----------+ | +-------------+ | addr ----+ | drinks ----+ | 2 | +----------+ +-----------+ +-------------+