>perl -wMstrict -le "my $n = shift || 1000; my $arrayref = [ qw{ a b c d e f g i j k l m n o p } ]; my $last_element = $arrayref->[-1]; my $n_max_i = 0; for (1 .. $n) { my $rand_element = $arrayref->[ rand $#$arrayref ]; ++$n_max_i if $rand_element eq $last_element; } printf 'last element picked randomly %f%% of %d times', $n_max_i/$n*100, $n; " last element picked randomly 0.000000% of 1000 times >perl -wMstrict -le "my $n = shift || 1000; my $arrayref = [ qw{ a b c d e f g i j k l m n o p } ]; my $last_element = $arrayref->[-1]; my $n_max_i = 0; for (1 .. $n) { my $rand_element = $arrayref->[ rand @$arrayref ]; ++$n_max_i if $rand_element eq $last_element; } printf 'last element picked randomly %f%% of %d times', $n_max_i/$n*100, $n; " last element picked randomly 6.700000% of 1000 times