use strict ; use warnings ;

  our $inner = "SET" ;

  sub inner {
    my ($s) = @_ ;
    print "$s  outermost inner \$inner=$inner\n" ;
  } ;

  print "outermost start\n" ;
  inner('') ;
  buddy('') ;
  wrapper('') ;
  buddy('') ;
  print "outermost end\n" ;

  sub wrapper {
    my ($s) = @_ ;

    print "$s  wrapper entered\n" ;
    inner($s.'  ') ;

    local *inner ### ; print "$s  *** separate local\n" ; *inner
      = sub {
          my ($s) = @_ ;
          $inner ||= "NOT SET" ;
          print "$s  innermost inner $inner\n" ;
        } ;
    inner($s.'  ') ;

    buddy($s.'  ') ;
    print "$s  wrapper exit\n" ;
  } ;

  sub buddy {
    my ($s) = @_ ;
    print "$s  buddy entered\n" ;
    inner($s.'  ') ;
    print "$s  buddy exit\n" ;
  } ;

##</code><code>##

    local *inner ; print "$s  *** separate local\n" ; *inner