sub pickAll{
    my @weights = @_;
    my $total = sum @weights;
    my @order;
    for( 0 .. $#_ ) {
        my $pick = pick( \@weights, $total );
        push @order, $pick;
        $total -= $weights[ $pick ];
        $weights[ $pick ] = 0;
    }
    return @order;
}

##</code><code>##

#! perl -slw
use strict;
use List::Util qw[ sum ];

our $SHIPS ||= 10;
our $REPS ||= 1e5;

sub pick {
    my( $weights, $total ) = @_;
    my $rand = rand $total;
    ( $rand -= $weights->[ $_ ] ) < 0 
        and return $_ for 0 .. $#$weights;
}

sub pickAll{
    my @weights = @_;
    my $total = sum @weights;
    my @order;
    for( 0 .. $#_ ) {
        my $pick = pick( \@weights, $total );
        push @order, $pick;
        $total -= $weights[ $pick ];
        $weights[ $pick ] = 0;
    }
    return @order;
}

my @weights = map rand( 16 ), 1 .. $SHIPS;
print "$_ : $weights[ $_ ]" for 0 .. $#weights;

my $total = sum @weights;

print "\n";

print join ' ', pickAll( @weights ) for 1 .. $REPS;

##</code><code>##

C:\test>WeightedPick.pl -SHIPS=4 -REPS=30
0 : 14.4176797792315
1 : 1.80334489420056
2 : 14.493153475225
3 : 14.258566647768

3 2 0 1
3 0 2 1
0 3 2 1
0 3 1 2
0 3 2 1
0 2 3 1
3 2 0 1
0 2 3 1
3 0 2 1
1 0 3 2
3 2 0 1
3 0 2 1
0 3 2 1
3 0 2 1
3 0 2 1
0 2 3 1
3 1 2 0
2 3 0 1
2 0 3 1
3 2 0 1
0 3 2 1
2 3 0 1
3 0 2 1
3 2 0 1
2 3 0 1
2 3 1 0
3 0 2 1
0 2 1 3
3 2 0 1
0 2 3 1

##</code><code>##

C:\test>WeightedPick.pl -SHIPS=4 -REPS=30
0 : 0.762649480253458
1 : 10.0145217105746
2 : 6.81761548668146
3 : 15.7317210100591

1 3 2 0
1 2 3 0
2 1 3 0
3 1 2 0
3 2 1 0
2 1 3 0
3 1 2 0
1 3 2 0
3 1 2 0
1 2 3 0
1 3 2 0
1 3 2 0
3 1 2 0
1 3 2 0
1 3 2 0
2 1 3 0
2 3 1 0
1 3 2 0
3 1 2 0
2 3 1 0
2 3 1 0
1 2 3 0
3 1 2 0
3 1 2 0
2 3 1 0
3 1 2 0
2 3 1 0
1 3 0 2
3 1 2 0
3 1 2 0