use strict;
use warnings;

use Benchmark qw( cmpthese );

my $OUTER = $ARGV[0] || -3;
my $INNER = $ARGV[1] || 1000;

sub explicit { return $_[0] }
sub implicit {        $_[0] }

my %tests = map { $_ => "use strict;
                         use warnings;
                         for (1..$INNER) {
                            my \$rv = $_(1);
                         }
                        "
                }
              qw( explicit implicit );

cmpthese($OUTER, \%tests);
print("\n");
print("Multiply by $INNER to get real rate.\n");