#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

my %testhash;

$testhash{ "Tier 1" } = { "Tier 2" => "Tier 3" };

my $ref = $testhash{ "Tier 1" };

print $testhash{ "Tier 1" }, " is a reference.\n";

######  Works Great  ########
print %$ref, " is dereferenced.\n";    

######  Dies Horribly  ######
print %$testhash{ "Tier 1" }, " is dereferenced.\n";