print "Array:", $array[0]->{"one"}, "\n"; print "Hash:", $hash{"ref"}->{"one"}, "\n"; print "Ref:", $ref->{"one"}, "\n"; #### my $a = { a => { b => { c => ['d'] } }}; print ">",$a->{'a'}->{'b'}->{'c'}->[0],"<\n"; print ">",$a->{'a'}{'b'}{'c'}[0],"<\n"; #### Arrow Rule In between two subscripts, the arrow is optional. Instead of $a[1]->[2], we can write $a[1][2]; it means the same thing. Instead of "$a[0]->[1] = 23", we can write "$a[0][1] = 23"; it means the same thing. Now it really looks like two-dimensional arrays!