use strict; use warnings; use XML::Rules; use Data::Dumper qw(Dumper); my @rules = ( _default => 'content', # Default filter to 'None' (v5.10 syntax here) filter => sub { $_[1]{_content} //= 'None'; $_[0] => $_[1]{_content} }, query => 'no content array', queries => 'pass no content', ); my $r = XML::Rules->new(rules => \@rules); my $data = $r->parse(\*DATA); # Assume same data as above print Dumper $data; # Output $VAR1 = { 'query' => [ { 'topN' => '20', 'layer' => 'LINK', 'filter' => 'None', 'name' => 'topHosts', 'datatype' => 'topHosts' }, { 'topN' => '120', 'layer' => 'LINK', 'filter' => 'None', 'name' => 'topHosts', 'datatype' => 'topHosts' } ] };