Original hash $VAR1 = { 'key3,' => 'value1', 'key2,' => 'value2', 'key4,' => 'value3', 'key6,' => 'value4', 'key7,' => 'value4', 'key5,' => 'value2', 'key1,' => 'value1' }; Inverted hash $VAR1 = { 'value4' => [ 'key6,', 'key7,' ], 'value1' => [ 'key3,', 'key1,' ], 'value3' => [ 'key4,' ], 'value2' => [ 'key2,', 'key5,' ] };