... cmpthese -1, { full => q[scalar keys %full, ++$i for 1 .. 10000], empty => q[scalar keys %empty, ++$i for 1 .. 10000], fake => q[scalar keys %full, ++$i for 1 .. 10000], } } __END__ Length 2 with 22/32items Rate fake empty full fake 403/s -- -2% -3% empty 411/s 2% -- -2% full 417/s 4% 2% -- Length 3 with 510/1024items Rate fake full empty fake 415/s -- -1% -1% full 418/s 1% -- -0% empty 419/s 1% 0% -- Length 4 with 13961/32768items Rate full empty fake full 406/s -- -2% -2% empty 414/s 2% -- 0% fake 414/s 2% 0% -- Length 5 with 310721/524288items Rate fake full empty fake 406/s -- -0% -1% full 407/s 0% -- -1% empty 411/s 1% 1% -- Length 6 with 8655839/16777216items Rate fake full empty fake 400/s -- -3% -3% full 411/s 3% -- -0% empty 411/s 3% 0% --