[ [[[[]]], [[]]], [[[]], []], [[]] ] Adding brackets to highlight the nesting of the arrayrefs: [ ([ ([[[ ]]]) , ([[ ]])) ]), ([ ([[ ]]) , ([ ]) ]), ([ ([ ]) ]) ] 4 2 2 1 1 This gives: = 2**(4+2) +2**(2+1) +2**(1) = 2**(6) +2**(3) +2**(1) = 1001010b = 74 = ord('J');