#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;

my %languages = ( "ger" => "german",
				  "ara" => "arabic",
				  "eng" => "english" );

# with the key it is easy to get to the value
foreach my $key (keys %languages )
{
	print "$key <--> $languages{$key}" . "\n";
}

# but how do I get key if I only have the value
# e.g. I know "german", but how do I get "ger"?

foreach my $value (values %languages )
{
	print "$value <--> ???" . "\n";
}