use warnings;
use strict;

#use autodie;
use Data::Dumper;

my $hr = { qw/hk1 hv1 hk2 hv2/ };
my $ar = [ { qw/ak11 av11 ak12 av12/ }, { qw/ak21 av21 ak22 av22/ } ];

foreach (@$ar) { warn Dumper $_ }

foreach (@{ ref $hr eq q/HASH/ ? [ $hr ] : $hr }) { warn Dumper $_ }

##</code><code>##

$ perl tst.pl
$VAR1 = {
          'ak12' => 'av12',
          'ak11' => 'av11'
        };
$VAR1 = {
          'ak22' => 'av22',
          'ak21' => 'av21'
        };
$VAR1 = {
          'hk2' => 'hv2',
          'hk1' => 'hv1'
        };