#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;

die "Too little money or you are too greedy!\n"
  if $ARGV[1]   > $ARGV[0];

my $cash        = $ARGV[0];
my $amount      = $ARGV[1];
my @dispersal;

# fill the envelopes

while ( $cash   > 0 ) {

  # what would be the next amount in geometric progression

  my $current   = 2**($#dispersal + 1);

  # if our next number is more than the cash in hand, we'll stuff the last
  # envelope with the remainder

  if ( $current > $cash ) { push @dispersal, $cash    }

  # otherwise, take the progression and stuff that

  else                    { push @dispersal, $current }

  # deduct the cash in this envelope

  $cash        -= $dispersal[$#dispersal];
}

# perform a numeric sort versus ASCII

my @envelope    = sort { $a <=> $b } @dispersal;

print $#envelope+1 . " are as few envelopes as I can use.\n";

for ( 
     my $i      = $#envelope + 1; 
     $i        >= 0;
     $i-- 
    ) {
  if ( $envelope[$i-1] <= $amount ) {
    $amount -= $envelope[$i-1];
    print "Envelope $i (\$$envelope[$i-1])\n\$$amount remaining\n";
  }
}