my $value = $xyz {level1_key} {level2_key} [index];

##</code><code>##

push @{ $xyz {level1_key}{level2_key} }, $value;

##</code><code>##

my $value = $item[index1][index2];

##</code><code>##

my $array_ref = $item[index1];

##</code><code>##

my @values = @{ $item[index1] };