print("$line_num $rest\n");
printf("%03d %s\n", $line_num, $rest);
                           12345678901

##</code><code>##

$ perl -e'my $i=0; while (<>) { print ++$i, " $_" }' file
1 foo
2 bar
3 baz
4 qux

##</code><code>##

                1 234
$ perl -e'my $i="000"; while (<>) { print ++$i, " $_" }' file
001 foo
002 bar
003 baz
004 qux

##</code><code>##

$ perl -e'while (<>) { print "$. $_" }' file
1 foo
2 bar
3 baz
4 qux

##</code><code>##

$ perl -e'while (<>) { printf "%03d %s", $.,  $_ }' file
001 foo
002 bar
003 baz
004 qux