while (my $line = <>) { $line =~ s/\x{00a9}/\\textcopyright/g; # "©" $line =~ s/\x{2010}/\-/g; # "‐" $line =~ s/\x{fffd}/\\,/g; # "�" $line =~ s/\x{03b4}/\$\\delta\$/g; # "δ" $line =~ s/\x{00c5}/\\AA\{\}/g; # "Å" print $line; }