s{(<value>|\G)(.+?)\|(.+?)\|(.*?)(?=</value>)}
 {$1$2</value><name>$3</name><value>$4}sg;

##</code><code>##

Pass 1: <name>(test)</name><value>(431)|
Pass 2: (alpha)|(123)|
Pass 3: (bravo)|(542)|
Pass 4: (charlie)|(412)</value>

##</code><code>##

Pass 1: <value>(431)|(alpha|123|bravo|542|charlie|412)

##</code><code>##

s{(?:<name>(.*?)</name><value>|\G([^|]*?)\|)([^|]*?)(?:\||</value>)}{
   "<name>" . (defined($1)?$1:$2) . "</name><value>$3</value>"
}seg;

##</code><code>##

s{<name>(.*?)</name><value>(.*?)</value>}{
   my $s = "|$1|$2";
   $s =~ s{\|([^|]*)\|([^|]*)}{<name>$1</name><value>$2</value>}sg;
   $s
}seg;