use warnings;
use strict;

my $paren_grp = qr{ \( \d+ (?: , \d+)* \) }xms;
my $non_paren = qr{ [^(] }xms;

for my $n (0 .. 3) {
    my $s = '(1) XXX (123) YY YY (1,22,333) Z Z Z (22,1)';
    $s =~ m{ \A $non_paren* (?: $paren_grp $non_paren*){$n} \( }xmsg;
    $s =~ s{ \G ,? \K (\d+) }{'$1'}xmsg;
    print qq{skip $n  :$s: \n};
    }