use strict;
use warnings;
use locale;
use POSIX qw(locale_h);                                                        
binmode( STDOUT, ":utf8" );                                                                               
my $loc = setlocale(LC_CTYPE);
print "LC_CTYPE=$loc\n";                                                                               
my $accented_char = "\x{00dc}"; #Upper case U with DIAERESIS
print "accented char=$accented_char\n";                                                                              
my $lowercased = lc( $accented_char );                                                                               
print "lowercased=$lowercased\n";

##</code><code>##

use strict;
use warnings;
use Encode;                                                                               
binmode( STDIN,  ":utf8" );
binmode( STDOUT, ":utf8" );                                                                                                                                                             
while( my $char = <> ) {
  chomp $char;
  my $lc_char = lc( $char );
  print "lowercased $char=$lc_char\n";
}