$hash1{fname} = $rray[1];
$hash2{$record} = %hash1;

##</code><code>##

    $hash2{$record} = \%hash1;

##</code><code>##

    my %hash1;  # new hash instance
    $hash1{fname} = $rray[1];
    $hash2{$record} = \%hash1;

##</code><code>##

    $hash2{$record} = { fname => $rray[1] };