#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;

# CASE 1:
# use +0 to "delete leading zeros"
# avoids having to use a printf %d format
# or some kind of slow substitution statement
#
my $x = "00012";
print "$x\n";      #prints 00012
printf "%d\n",$x;  #prints 12
$x+=0;             #delete leading zeroes
print "$x\n";      #prints 12

# CASE 2:
# use '.' concatentation to
# avoid having to use an 
# explict scalar() function
#
print "Number values= ", scalar(return_array()),"\n"; # prints 2
print "Number values= " .return_array(),"\n";         # prints 2

# CASE 3:
# use !! to avoid using an "if" statement
#
my $y = "abx";
print $y ? 'T': 'F', "\n";       #prints   T
print $y ?  1 :  0,  "\n";       #prints   1
print !!$y, "\n";                #prints   1 ??good idea??
print ''.is_input_valid(),"\n";  #prints   1

sub return_array
{
   my @x = (12,23);
   return @x;
}

sub is_input_valid
{
   my $f_validated_input =0;
   # more code here...
   $f_validated_input = 1;
   
   return $f_validated_input;
}