use strict; my @orig = ( qw(a a b b c 0 c d d u u), (undef, undef, 'blink', 'blink'), qw(0 0 v v w w a a a b b b c c c) ); my @list; nodupes (\@orig, \@list); print join ' ', @list, "\n"; sub nodupes { my ($ar1, $ar2) = @_; my $p; push @$ar2, grep{$_ ne 'aardvark'} map{defined $_ ? $_ : 'undef'} map { $p ne $_ ? $p = $_ : 'aardvark' } @$ar1; } __END__ Prints --> a b c 0 c d u undef blink 0 v w a b c #### perl -e "@list = grep{$_ ne 'aardvark'} map{defined $_ ? $_ : 'undef'} map{$p ne $_ ? $p = $_ : 'aardvark'} (qw(a a b b c 0 c u u), (undef, undef), qw(0 0 v v w w)); print join ' ', @list;" Prints --> a b c 0 c u undef 0 v w #### use strict; sub nodupes { my $p; return grep{ $_ ne '~~' } map { $p ne $_ ? $p = $_ : '~~' } @_; } my @orig = ( qw(a a b b c 0 c d d u u), (undef, undef, 'blink', 'blink'), qw(0 0 v v "0" "0" "0" w w a a a b b b c c c) ); my @new = nodupes @orig; print join ' ', @new, "\n"; __END__ Prints --> a b c 0 c d u blink 0 v "0" w a b c ^^ There's an undef between these two spaces.