$ cat junk.pl ! defined and $_ = ' ' for @$row; $ perl -MO=Deparse,-p junk.pl ; (defined($_) or ($_ = ' ')) foreach (@$row); junk.pl syntax OK #### my @array = 1 ..2; print "@array\n"; my $ref = \@array; print "@$ref\n"; __END__ 1 2 1 2