foreach my $r (0 .. $total){
   $row[$r] = $aob[$r][$y - 1];
}
my @rowin   = grep { $_ ne q{} } @row;
$mean    = mean(@rowin);

##</code><code>##

sub popnum3 {
    my ( $x, $y, $z, $mean ) = @_;
    $aob[$x][$y] = $mean * ( 1 + $z );
    return $aob[$x][$y];
}


##</code><code>##

foreach my $r (0 .. $total){
   $row[$r] = $aob[$r][$y - 1];
}