perl -e 'use strict; use warnings; use Unicode::Normalize; binmode(STDOUT, ":utf8"); my $v1="\x{00fc}"; my $v2="\x{0075}\x{0308}"; my $v3=NFC("\x{0075}\x{0308}"); print "$v1, length=" . length($v1) . "\n", "$v2, length=" . length($v2) . "\n", "$v3, length=" . length($v3) . "\n"'
ü, length=1
ü, length=2
ü, length=1