c:\test>each-keys-b -M1=keys -M2=pairs -N=5e6 hash built, starting timer Took 280.350000 and 228.652MB extra memory for 5000000 using keys/pairs method c:\test>each-keys-b -M1=each -M2=pairs -N=5e6 hash built, starting timer Took 6.613000 and 0.020MB extra memory for 5000000 using each/pairs method