$ perl -le " sub dang : lvalue { undef } dang()=1; " Can't return undef from lvalue subroutine at -e line 1. $ perl -le " sub dang : lvalue { undef } dang()->[0] " Can't use an undefined value as an ARRAY reference at -e line 1. $ perl -le " undef->[0] " Can't use an undefined value as an ARRAY reference at -e line 1. $ perl -le " my $variable = undef; $variable->[0] " #### ( undef, undef, my $mode ) = stat 'filename'; #### $ perl -le " undef = 1; " Modification of a read-only value attempted at -e line 1.