my $pos = $dictionary; #this would be a loop of course. $pos = $pos->{vowel}; # The A $pos = $pos->{cons}; # First P $pos = $pos->{cons}; # Second P $pos = $pos->{cons}; # The L $pos = $pos->{vowel}; # The E #end loop push @{$pos->{words}}, "apple";