my %counts; ++counts{uc($_)} for $seq =~ /.../sg; for my $l1 (qw( T C A G )) { for my $l2 (qw( T C A G )) { for my $l3 (qw( T C A G )) { my $k = "$l1$l2$l3"; my $v = $counts{$k} || 0; print("$k=$v;"); } print("\n"); } }