... my( avg, $stddev ) = avgNstddev( $bigStruct->{something}{somethingelse} ); ## hash expression yields an array ref. ... #### ... my $stats = Stats:Mod->new; $stats->add( $_ ) for @{ $bigStruct->{$something}{$somethingelse} }; my $avg = $stats->avg; my $stddev = $stats->stddev; $stats->empty; ... #### for my $something ( keys %bigstruct ) { for my $somethingelse ( keys %{ $bigstruct->{ $something } } ) { ... } } #### my $stats = Stats::Module->new( $bigstruct->{ $something }{ $somethingelse } ); my( $avg = ( $stats->average, $stats->stddev ); $stats->done;