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for( 'hd_defect-onomatopeia', 'hd_defect-host.foo.bar.com' ){
    if( m{hd_defect-( ([^\.]+$) | (?: ([^\.]+).(.+$) ) )}sx ){
      my $fqdn = $1;
...
__END__
fqdn( onomatopeia) host( onomatopeia) dom( onomatopeia )
fqdn( host.foo.bar.com) host( host) dom( foo.bar.com )

use YAPE::Regex::Explain;
print YAPE::Regex::Explain->new(
qr{hd_defect-( ([^\.]+$) | (?: ([^\.]+).(.+$) ) )}sx
...
)                        end of grouping
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