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while(<DATA>){
chomp;
  $hash{$_}++ for split;  
}

while(<DATA>){  #get a line of text from the DATA area, put it in spec
+ial variable $_
    chomp;      #remove the "new line" character from the $_ variable
...
        $hash{$word}++;  #increment the value pointed to by the $hash{
+$word} "key"
    }  
}

board => 1
chalk => 1
...
students => 2
table => 1
teacher => 3

foreach $word (sort keys %hash) {
    print "$word\n";
...
        print "$word\n";
    }
}