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perl -Mstrict -Mwarnings -le 'my @l = ( q{a:10-34 b:9-12 c:12-24 e: 1-
+9}, q{a:1-8 a: 19-24 b:2-6}, q{a:7-11 d:9-23 e:12-23} ); foreach my $
+m ( @l ) { foreach my $n ( $m =~ m/([a-z]:\s*\d+(?:\s*-\s*\d+))/ig ) 
+{ $n =~ s/\s+//g; print $n; } }'

perl -Mstrict -Mwarnings -le 'my $str = q{a:1}; my %f; $str =~ m/([a-z
+]):(\d+)(?:-(\d))?/; my ( $k, $starting, $ending ) = ( $1, $2, define
+d $3 ? $3 : $2 ); print $k; print $starting; print $ending;'

perl -Mstrict -Mwarnings -MData::Dumper -le '$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys =
+ 1; my %range = ( start => 1, end => 9, ); my %f; foreach my $i ( $ra
+nge{start} .. $range{end} ) { $f{$i}++; } print Data::Dumper->Dump( [
+ \%f, ], [ qw( *f ) ] );'

perl -Mstrict -Mwarnings -le 'my %g = ( 1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 2, 4 => 2
+, 6 => 1, 7 => 1, 8 => 1, 12 => 1, ); my @h = sort { $a <=> $b } keys
+ %g; my $sv; my $ev; while ( scalar @h ) { my $v = shift @h; if ( ! d
+efined $sv ) { $sv = $v; } if ( ! defined $ev ) { $ev = $v; } my $i =
+ 1; while ( scalar @h and $h[0] == $sv + $i ) { $i++; $ev = shift @h;
+ } if ( $sv == $ev ) { print $sv; } else { print $sv, q{ - }, $ev; } 
+$sv = undef; $ev = undef; }'