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#!/usr/bin/env perl -l

...
    print 'Value: ', defined $x[$i] ? $x[$i] : '<undef>';
}
print 'Elements in @x: ', scalar @x;

*** Create @x with no elements ***
Elements in @x: 0
...
Index: 32
Value: <undef>
Elements in @x: 22

@hash{'goodbye', 'world'} = ();

#!/usr/bin/env perl

...
$hash{goodbye} = ()[0];
$hash{world} = ()[1];
print Dumper \%hash;

$VAR1 = {
          'hello' => 1,
...
          'world' => undef,
          'mars' => 4
        };

#!/usr/bin/env perl

...

@hash{'goodbye', 'world'} = ('farewell');
print Dumper \%hash;

$VAR1 = {
          'hello' => 1,
...
          'world' => undef,
          'mars' => 4
        };