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use strict;
use warnings;
#^^ for professional use to save HALF time and headache

open (FH,$ARGV[0]) || print "could not open file" ;
# ^^open()s first ARGument as filehandle FH
...
## then it prints message 
## and continues the program as if the file was opened
## and everything was ok

my $info = <FH>;
## $info is assigned one read line from FH

while ($info=~ /(\w+ (-?\d+ )+)/)
## LOOP while  $info  m//atches pattern
...
## and no substitution will be performed

}

my @nums = split(/:/,$info);
## a COPY of $info is split at the colons,
## the $info string is CUT apart at the colons
## the colons are not kept they're thrown away,
## the remaining strings are stuffed into @nums

my $word = shift (@nums);
# shifts first word

my $sum = 0;
# $sum is 0

my $var = ($info);
# i think $var is supposed to contain the numbers from $info

foreach $var (@nums)
{
    $sum = $sum + $var;
...
#this is to add the numbers together. Sum is empty, so with every new 
+number #that occurs it goes into sum and adds to whatever number is i
+n var. i hope I'm #explaining that right.

my %hash = ($word => $sum);

#the new sum goes into the hash as a key and the color is in the list,
+ thats how #they associate with each other..