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use strict;
use warnings;
...
    print "       Expected: '$ref'\n";
    print "            Got: '$str'\n"
}

    $str =~ s/((?=N-+)(?:N)(?:-*?))(-{1,$maxLen}B)/$1 . ('B' x length 
+$2)/eg;
    $str =~ s/(B-{1,$maxLen})(?=-*(N|$))/'B' x length $1/eg;