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use strict;
use warnings;
...

my @nums = $end_of_path =~ m/([0-9]{2,4})/g;
print Dumper( \@nums );

$VAR1 = [
          '2021',
...
          '21',
          '20'
        ];

use strict;
use warnings;
...

my @nums = $path =~ m{/day=(\d\d\d\d)_(\d\d)_(\d\d),time=(\d\d):(\d\d)
+$};
print Dumper( \@nums );