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my $date;
if (@ARGV) {
   $date = $ARGV[0];
}

my $date = "bar"; 
print "Outside 1 : $date\n";
...
     print "Inside : $date\n";
}
print "Outside 2 : $date\n";

my $date = $ARGV[0] || yesterday();

...
    my ($yr,$mo,$day) = (localtime( time - 86400 ))[5,4,3];
    return sprintf "%04d%02d%02d",1900+$yr,1+$mo,$day;
}

perl -e 'print "How sweet does a rose smell? "; chomp ($n = <STDIN>); 
+$rose = "smells sweet to degree $n"; *other_name = *rose; print "$oth
+er_name\n"'