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use 5.010;
given( $number ) {
...
    when( /^[+-]?(?=\.?\d)\d*\.?\d*(?:e[+-]?\d+)?\z/i)
        { say "\tis a C float" }
}

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
...
    print "The $number is a C float\n"; 
    }
}

The 1 is a whole number
The -1 has nondigits
The 123.1 has nondigits
The 0.1 has nondigits

The 1 is a +/- integer
The -1 is a +/- integer
The 123.1 is a C float
The 0.1 is a C float

my @numbers = ("1", "-1", "123.1", "0.1");

...
-1 is Float
123.1 is Float
0.1 is Float

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
...
The 123.1 is a C float
The 0.1 is a C float
The Characters has nondigits

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
...
The 123.1 is a C float
The 0.1 is a C float
The Characters has nondigits

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
...
                    Rate IfAndElsIfLoop     SwitchLoop
IfAndElsIfLoop 4954766/s             --           -13%
SwitchLoop     5691790/s            15%             --