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if( my $lastname = uid_lastname( \%uid, 'Alice' ) ){
    print "lastname is $lastname\n";
}

sub uid_lastname {
    my( $uid, $firstname ) = @_;
...
    return $lastnames[0] if @lastnames;
    die "firstname not found";
}

my $lastname = dpath( q{/*/firstname[ value =~ /Alice/i ]/../lastname}
+ )->match( \%uid ) 
my $lastname = dpath( q{/*/firstname/.[ value eq 'Alice' ]/../lastname
+} )->match( \%uid ) ;