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  my $x=1 if $y;     # statement modifier
  if ($y) {my $x=1}  # compund statement

# first variant, dont do this.
foreach (@input){
...

# second variant, do this
@name_nums=map{(exists $list{$_}) ? $list{ $_ } : $_}@input;

print "Hello my name is ".(defined $name ? $name : "Anonymous Monk")."
+\n";