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use strict;
use warnings;
...
encode('UTF-8', $chars, Encode::FB_CROAK);
print length($chars),
   " characters - third encode, FB_CROAK, on original string\n";

8 characters - initial string
8 characters - first encode, no FB_CROAK
8 characters - second encode, FB_CROAK on, readonly string
0 characters - third encode, FB_CROAK, on original string