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sub getTypeName {
    my $typeNum = shift;
...
        die "$typeNum not valid\n";
    }
}

sub getTypeName {
    my $typeNum = shift;
...

    return $typeName;
}

my $first = substr $line, 0, 2;
my $second = substr $line, 2, 4;
my $third = substr $line 10, 4;

my ($first, $second, $junk, $third) = unpack "A2A4A4A4", $line;

my ($first, $second, $third) = (unpack "A2A4A4A4", $line)[0,1,3];

# Or, you could do ...

my ($first, $second, $third) = ($line =~ /(.{2})(.{4})(.{4})(.{4})/)[0
+,1,3];

my @colNames = qw(first second third);
my %hash;
@hash{@colNames) = (unpack "A2A4A4A4", $line)[0,1,3];