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my @data = <$fh>;

my $data_ref;
@$data_ref = <$fh>;

my $data_ref = [ <$fh> ];

$ ls -lSr text_?_1
-rw-r--r--  1 ken  staff        1000  8 Feb  2013 text_K_1
-rw-r--r--  1 ken  staff     1000000  8 Feb  2013 text_M_1
-rw-r--r--  1 ken  staff  1000000000  8 Feb  2013 text_G_1

#!/usr/bin/env perl -l

...
    print 'size($data_ref):       ', size($data_ref);
    print 'total_size($data_ref): ', total_size($data_ref);
}

$ pm_1171361_mem_use_array.pl ~/local/dev/test_data/text_K_1
size(\@data):          144
...
total_size($data_ref): 1494
size($data_ref):       144
total_size($data_ref): 1494

$ pm_1171361_mem_use_array.pl ~/local/dev/test_data/text_M_1
size(\@data):          80064
...
total_size($data_ref): 1420366
size($data_ref):       80064
total_size($data_ref): 1420366

$ pm_1171361_mem_use_array.pl ~/local/dev/test_data/text_G_1
size(\@data):          80000064
...
total_size($data_ref): 1420322314
size($data_ref):       80000064
total_size($data_ref): 1420322314