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($txt = '123abc') =~ /(a|b|c)/;

...
            - check for c -> fail

4. 123^abc  - check for a -> succeess, $1 becomes 'a'

($txt = 'barefoot') =~ /(foo|foot)/;

...
              - check for foot -> fail

5. bare^foot  - check for foo  -> success, $1 becomes 'foo'

($txt = 'arvec') =~ /(ar|ec|vec)$/

...
3. ar^vec  - check for ar$  -> fail
           - check for ec$  -> fail
           - check for vec$ -> success, $1 becomes 'vec'