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sub g {
#        1         2         3         4         5
...
     11     12     13     14     15
     16     17     18     19     20     21
     22     23     24     25     26     27     28

$a = 5;
#        1         2         3         4         5
#2345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
for(1..$a){printf"%$a.d",++$;for(0..$@++);print$/}

#        1         2         3         4         5         6         7
#234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
$b=length$a++*$a/2;for(2..$a){printf" %$b.d",++$;for(0..$@++);print$/}

#        1         2         3         4         5         6
#23456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
map{map{$a=0if$_>$a-2;printf" %$a.d",++$;}0..$@++;print$/}1..$a